Mu 2017, kampani yopanga ndi kasamalidwe ya anthu atatu ku Austin yotchedwa Exurbia Films idatenga kasamalidwe kaufulu ku gulu lachipembedzo lowopsa la 1974 The Texas Chainsaw Massacre.

"Ntchito yanga inali kutitengera ku Chainsaw 2.0," akutero Pat Cassidy, wopanga ndi wothandizira ku Exurbia."Anyamata oyambilira adachita ntchito yabwino yoyang'anira maufulu koma osachokera pa intaneti.Analibe Facebook."

Exurbia anali ndi diso lokulitsa chilolezocho ndipo mu 2018 adachita nawo ma TV angapo ndi makanema angapo kutengera filimu yoyambirira, zonse zikupangidwa ndi Zithunzi Zabodza.Ikupanganso zolemba zazithunzi za Texas Chainsaw Massacre, msuzi wa barbecue, ndi zinthu zomwe zachitika monga zipinda zopulumukirako ndi nyumba zopanda anthu.

Ntchito ina ya Exurbia inakhala yovuta kwambiri: kuyang'anira zizindikiro za Chainsaw ndi kukopera, kuphatikizapo mutu wa filimuyi, zithunzi, ndi ufulu kwa munthu wodziwika bwino, Leatherface.

Katswiri wakale wamakampani a David Imhoff, yemwe adapereka ziphaso za Chainsaw m'malo mwa wolemba filimuyo, Kim Henkel, ndi ena kuyambira 1990s, adauza Cassidy ndi wothandizira wina wa Exurbia, a Daniel Sahad, kuti akonzekere kusefukira kwa zinthu zabodza."Ndi chizindikiro kuti ndinu otchuka," akutero Imhoff pofunsa mafunso.

Imhoff adalozera Exurbia ku zimphona zamalonda monga Etsy, eBay, ndi Amazon, komwe amalonda odziyimira pawokha amagulitsa zinthu zosaloledwa za Chainsaw.Mitundu iyenera kukakamiza zilembo zawo, chifukwa chake Sahad adapereka nthawi yake yambiri pantchito yomwe mabungwe akulu nthawi zambiri amapereka kumagulu azamalamulo: kupeza ndi kupereka malipoti olephera.Exurbia yapereka zidziwitso zoposa 50 ndi eBay, zoposa 75 ndi Amazon, ndi zoposa 500 ndi Etsy, kupempha malowa kuti achotse zinthu zomwe zimaphwanya zizindikiro za Chainsaw.Malowa adachotsa zinthu zophwanya malamulo mkati mwa sabata imodzi kapena kuposerapo;koma ngati chipangidwe china chabodza chikawonekera, Exurbia anayenera kuchipeza, kuchilemba, ndikulembanso chidziwitso china.

Imhoff adachenjezanso Cassidy ndi Sahad za dzina lodziwika bwino: kampani yaku Australia yotchedwa Redbubble, komwe adapereka zidziwitso zophwanya nthawi ndi nthawi m'malo mwa Chainsaw kuyambira 2013. Patapita nthawi, vuto linakula kwambiri: Sahad anatumiza zidziwitso zochotsa 649 ku Redbubble ndi kampani yake yothandizira. Teepublic mu 2019. Malowa adachotsa zinthuzo, koma zatsopano zidawonekera.

Kenako, mu Ogasiti, Halowini ikuyandikira - nyengo ya Khrisimasi yogulitsa zinthu zoopsa - abwenzi adalembera Cassidy, kumuuza kuti awona mapangidwe atsopano a Chainsaw omwe amagulitsidwa pa intaneti, makamaka akugulitsidwa kudzera pa malonda a Facebook ndi Instagram.

Kutsatsa kumodzi kudatsogolera Cassidy patsamba lotchedwa Dzeetee.com, lomwe adatsata kampani yomwe sanamvepo, TeeChip.Anatsata zotsatsa zambiri kumawebusayiti ena ogulitsa zinthu za Chainsaw zopanda chilolezo, zolumikizidwanso ndi TeeChip.M'masabata angapo, Cassidy akuti, adapeza makampani angapo ofanana, iliyonse imathandizira masitolo ambiri, mazana, nthawi zina masauzande ambiri.Zolemba ndi zotsatsa zochokera m'magulu a Facebook olumikizidwa ndi makampaniwa anali kutsatsa malonda a Chainsaw.

Cassidy adadabwa kwambiri."Zinali zazikulu kwambiri kuposa momwe timaganizira," akutero.“Awa sanali masamba 10 okha.Analipo chikwi chimodzi.”(Cassidy ndi wolemba akhala abwenzi kwa zaka 20.)

Makampani ngati TeeChip amadziwika kuti masitolo osindikizira-ofunikira.Amalola ogwiritsa ntchito kukweza ndi kupanga malonda;pamene kasitomala aitanitsa—titi, t-sheti—kampani imakonza zosindikiza, kaŵirikaŵiri m’nyumba, ndipo katunduyo amatumizidwa kwa kasitomala.Tekinolojeyi imapatsa aliyense amene ali ndi lingaliro komanso kulumikizidwa kwa intaneti kuthekera kopanga ndalama pakupanga kwawo ndikuyambitsa mzere wamalonda wapadziko lonse lapansi wopanda zochulukira, zosungira, komanso zowopsa.

Izi ndi izi: Eni ma copyright ndi zizindikiro za malonda amanena kuti polola aliyense kukweza mapangidwe aliwonse, makampani osindikizira-pofuna amapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuphwanya ufulu wawo wazinthu zaluntha.Akuti masitolo osindikizira-pofuna atenga makumi, mwina mazana, a madola mamiliyoni pachaka pogulitsa mosaloledwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kulamulira momwe katundu wawo amagwiritsidwira ntchito kapena omwe amapindula nawo.

Kukula kwamphamvu kwaukadaulo wosindikiza-pa-zofuna kukutsutsa mwakachetechete malamulo azaka makumi angapo omwe amalamulira kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zinthu zanzeru pa intaneti.Lamulo la 1998 lotchedwa Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) limateteza nsanja zapaintaneti kuti zisamakhale ndi mlandu wophwanya ufulu wa kukopera chifukwa chongosunga zomwe zidakwezedwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito.Izi zikutanthauza kuti omwe ali ndi ufulu nthawi zambiri amayenera kupempha mapulatifomu kuti achotse chilichonse chomwe amakhulupirira kuti chikuphwanya nzeru zawo.Komanso, makampani osindikizira-omwe amafunikira nthawi zambiri amasintha-kapena amathandizira kusintha mafayilo a digito kukhala zinthu zakuthupi monga T-shirts ndi makapu a khofi.Akatswiri ena amanena kuti amawaika mu zone malamulo imvi.Ndipo DMCA sikugwira ntchito pazizindikiro, zomwe zimalemba mayina, zilembo, ndi zizindikilo zina, monga Nike swoosh.

Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Exurbia Films ya T-sheti yogulitsidwa yomwe akuti idaphwanya zilembo zake za The Texas Chainsaw Massacre.

CafePress, yomwe inayamba mu 1999, inali imodzi mwa ntchito zoyamba zosindikizidwa;chitsanzo cha bizinesi chinafalikira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 2000 pamodzi ndi kukwera kwa makina osindikizira a digito.M'mbuyomu, opanga amasindikiza mawonekedwe omwewo pazinthu monga T-shirts, njira yopitilira muyeso yomwe nthawi zambiri imafunikira kuyitanitsa zambiri kuti apeze phindu.Ndi makina osindikizira a digito, inki imapopera pa zinthu zomwezo, kulola makina amodzi kusindikiza zojambula zosiyanasiyana pa tsiku, kupangitsa ngakhale kupanga kamodzi kukhala kopindulitsa.

Makampaniwa adayambitsa vuto mwachangu.Zazzle, nsanja yosindikizira-yofunidwa, idayambitsa tsamba lake mu 2005;patatha zaka zitatu, idatchedwa mtundu wabwino kwambiri wamalonda chaka ndi TechCrunch.Redbubble idabwera mu 2006, ndikutsatiridwa ndi ena monga TeeChip, TeePublic, ndi SunFrog.Masiku ano, malowa ndi nsanamira za bizinesi yapadziko lonse ya madola mabiliyoni ambiri, ndipo pali zinthu zambiri kuyambira ma T-shirts ndi zovala zovala zovala zamkati, zikwangwani, makapu, katundu wa m’nyumba, zikwama zachikwama, zokometsera, zomangira m’manja, ngakhale zodzikongoletsera.

Makampani ambiri osindikizira omwe amafunidwa ali ndi nsanja zophatikizika bwino za ecommerce, zomwe zimalola opanga kuwongolera masitolo osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito - ofanana ndi masamba ogwiritsa ntchito pa Etsy kapena Amazon.Mapulatifomu ena, monga GearLaunch, amalola opanga kugwiritsa ntchito masamba omwe ali pansi pa mayina apadera ndikuphatikizana ndi ntchito zodziwika bwino za ecommerce monga Shopify, pomwe akupereka zida zotsatsa ndi zowerengera, kupanga, kutumiza, ndi kasitomala.

Monga oyambitsa ambiri, makampani osindikizira-omwe amafunikira amakonda kudziveka okha m'mawu odziwika bwino a techno-marketing clichés.SunFrog ndi "gulu" la akatswiri ojambula ndi makasitomala, komwe alendo amatha kugula "zojambula zamakono komanso zachikhalidwe monga momwe muliri."Redbubble imadzitcha "msika wapadziko lonse lapansi, wokhala ndi zaluso zapadera, zoyambira zomwe zimagulitsidwa ndi akatswiri odziyimira pawokha pazamalonda apamwamba kwambiri."

Koma mawu otsatsa amasokoneza zomwe ena omwe ali ndi ufulu komanso maloya aluntha amakhulupirira kuti ndiye maziko a bizinesi: kugulitsa zabodza.Masamba amalola ogwiritsa ntchito kukweza zilizonse zomwe amakonda;pamasamba okulirapo, zokwezedwa zimatha kuchuluka masauzande tsiku lililonse.Masambawa alibe udindo wowunikanso kapangidwe kake pokhapokha wina atanena kuti mawuwo kapena chithunzicho chikuphwanya ufulu wawo kapena chizindikiro.Chilichonse choterechi chimaphatikizapo kulemba chidziwitso chapadera.Otsutsa amanena kuti kumalimbikitsa kuphwanyidwa kwa ufulu, podziwa komanso mosadziwa.

"Indasitale yakula kwambiri kotero kuti kuphwanya kwakula," akutero Imhoff, wopereka ziphaso.Posachedwapa mu 2010, iye anati, "kusindikiza-pa-kufunidwa kunali ndi gawo laling'ono la msika, silinali vuto lalikulu.Koma wakula mofulumira [moti] wachoka m’manja.”

Imhoff akuti intaneti imasaka zinthu monga "T-shirt ya Texas Chainsaw Massacre" nthawi zambiri imawonetsa mapangidwe omwe amaphwanya kukopera ndi zizindikiro za Exurbia.Izi zasandutsa kulimbikitsa ufulu kukhala "masewera osatha a whack-a-mole" kwa omwe ali ndi ufulu, othandizira, ndi makampani ogulitsa, akutero.

"Zikadakhala kuti mumapita kukapeza zophwanya m'sitolo imodzi m'malo ogulitsira am'deralo, ndiye kuti mumalumikizana ndi wogula dziko lawo ndipo zimakhala choncho," akutero Imhoff."Tsopano pali mamiliyoni ambiri ogulitsa odziyimira pawokha omwe amapanga malonda tsiku lililonse."

Pali ndalama zambiri zomwe zimakhudzidwa.Redbubble, yomwe idayamba kugulitsa masheya aku Australia mu 2016, idauza osunga ndalama mu Julayi 2019 kuti idathandizira kugulitsa ndalama zokwana $328 miliyoni m'miyezi 12 yapitayi.Kampaniyo imakhoma msika wapadziko lonse wapa intaneti wazovala ndi zinthu zapakhomo chaka chino pa $280 biliyoni.Pachimake cha SunFrog, mu 2017, idapanga ndalama zokwana $ 150 miliyoni, malinga ndi zomwe khothi linapereka.Zazzle adauza CNBC kuti ndalama zokwana $250 miliyoni mu 2015.

Sikuti malonda onsewa akuwonetsa kuphwanya, ndithudi.Koma a Scott Burroughs, loya wa zaluso ku Los Angeles yemwe wayimira opanga angapo odziyimira pawokha mu suti zotsutsana ndi makampani omwe akufuna kusindikiza, amakhulupirira kuti zambiri, ngati sizomwe zili, zikuwoneka kuti zikuphwanya malamulo.A Mark Lemley, mkulu wa Stanford Law School Programme in Law, Science, and Technology, akuti kuwunika kwa Burroughs kungakhale kolondola koma kuyerekezera koteroko kumasokonekera chifukwa cha “kukangalika kwa omwe ali ndi ufulu, makamaka kumbali ya chizindikiro.

Chotsatira chake, kukwera kwa kusindikiza-kufunidwa kwabweretsanso milandu yambiri ya omwe ali ndi ufulu kuyambira kwa ojambula odziyimira pawokha mpaka mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Mtengo wamakampani osindikiza-omwe akufunidwa ukhoza kukhala wokwera.Mu 2017, akuluakulu a Harley-Davidson adawona zojambula zoposa 100 zokhala ndi zizindikiro za wopanga njinga yamoto-monga logos yake yotchuka ya Bar & Shield ndi Willie G. Skull-pa webusaiti ya SunFrog.Malinga ndi mlandu wa feduro ku Eastern District ku Wisconsin, Harley adatumiza madandaulo opitilira 70 a SunFrog pazinthu "zopitilira 800" zomwe zimaphwanya zilembo za Harley.Mu Epulo 2018, woweruza adapatsa Harley-Davidson $ 19.2 miliyoni - ndalama zomwe kampaniyo idaphwanya kwambiri mpaka pano - ndikuletsa SunFrog kugulitsa malonda ndi zilembo za Harley.Woweruza Chigawo cha US JP Stadtmueller adadzudzula SunFrog chifukwa chosachita zambiri poyang'anira malo ake."SunFrog ikuchonderera kusazindikira atakhala pamwamba pa phiri lazinthu zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti apange luso lamakono, ndondomeko zowunikira, kapena maphunziro omwe angathandize kuthana ndi kuphwanya malamulo," analemba motero.

Woyambitsa SunFrog Josh Kent akuti zinthu zosayenera za Harley zidachokera "monga theka la ana khumi ndi awiri ku Vietnam" omwe adayika zojambulazo."Iwo sanachitepo kanthu pa iwo."Kent sanayankhe zopempha kuti afotokoze zambiri zachigamulo cha Harley.

Mlandu wofananira womwe waperekedwa mu 2016 uli ndi kuthekera kwakukulu.Chaka chimenecho, wojambula zithunzi waku California, Greg Young, adasumira Zazzle ku Khothi Lachigawo la US, ponena kuti ogwiritsa ntchito a Zazzle adatsitsa ndikugulitsa zinthu zomwe zili ndi ntchito yake yovomerezeka popanda chilolezo, zomwe Zazzle sanakane.Woweruzayo adapeza kuti DMCA idateteza Zazzle kuti asakhale ndi mlandu pazomwe adayika koma adati Zazzle atha kuyimbidwabe mlandu chifukwa chakuwonongeka chifukwa cha gawo lake popanga ndi kugulitsa zinthuzo.Mosiyana ndi misika yapaintaneti monga Amazon kapena eBay, woweruza adalemba kuti, "Zazzle imapanga zinthu."

Zazzle adachita apilo, koma mu Novembala khothi la apilo lidavomereza kuti Zazzle atha kuyimbidwa mlandu, ndipo Young akuyembekezeka kulandira ndalama zoposa $500,000.Zazzle sanayankhe pempho loti apereke ndemanga.

Chigamulo chimenecho, ngati sichingagwirizane, chikhoza kusokoneza makampani.Eric Goldman, pulofesa ku Santa Clara University School of Law, adalemba kuti chigamulochi chilole eni ake kukopera "kuona Zazzle ngati ATM [yawo]."Poyankhulana, Goldman ananena kuti ngati makhoti apitirizabe kuweruza motere, makampani osindikizira omwe akufunafuna "atha.... Ndizotheka kuti sichingapirire zovuta zamalamulo."

Pankhani ya kukopera, zomwe makampani omwe akufuna kusindikiza pakusintha mafayilo a digito kukhala zinthu zakuthupi zitha kusintha pamalamulo, akutero Lemley, waku Stanford.Ngati makampani apanga ndikugulitsa zinthu mwachindunji, akuti, sangalandire chitetezo cha DMCA, "mosasamala kanthu za chidziwitso komanso mosasamala kanthu za zomwe angachite kuti athetse zinthu zophwanya malamulo akadziwa."

Koma sizingakhale choncho ngati kupanga kumayendetsedwa ndi munthu wina, kulola malo osindikizira omwe akufuna kunena kuti ndi misika chabe momwe Amazon ilili.Mu Marichi 2019, Khothi Lachigawo ku US kuchigawo chakumwera kwa Ohio lidapeza Redbubble alibe mlandu wogulitsa malonda opanda chilolezo ku Ohio State University.Khotilo lidavomereza kuti zinthuzo, kuphatikiza malaya ndi zomata, zikuphwanya chizindikiro cha Ohio State.Idapeza kuti Redbubble idathandizira kugulitsa ndikugulitsa ntchito yosindikiza ndi kutumiza kwa anzawo - ndipo zinthuzo zidaperekedwa m'mapaketi amtundu wa Redbubble.Koma khothi lidati Redbubble sangayimbidwe mlandu chifukwa mwaukadaulo sinapange kapena kugulitsa zinthu zophwanya malamulo.M'maso mwa woweruza, Redbubble idangothandizira malonda pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito ndi makasitomala ndipo sanagwire ntchito ngati "wogulitsa."Ohio State inakana kuyankhapo pa chigamulocho;mikangano pa apilo yake yakonzedwa Lachinayi.

Corina Davis, wamkulu wazamalamulo ku Redbubble, wakana kuyankhapo pa mlandu wa Ohio State makamaka, koma akufanana ndi zomwe khothi linanena poyankhulana."Sitiyenera kuphwanya malamulo, nthawi," akutero.“Sitigulitsa kalikonse.Sitipanga kalikonse.

Mu imelo yotsatila mawu a 750, Davis adanena kuti akudziwa kuti ena ogwiritsa ntchito Redbubble amayesa kugwiritsa ntchito nsanja kuti agulitse aluntha "obedwa".Mfundo ya kampaniyo, adati, "sikungoteteza omwe ali ndi ufulu waukulu, ndikuteteza ojambula onse odziyimira pawokha kuti wina asapange ndalama pazojambula zawo zomwe abedwa."Redbubble imati si ogulitsa, ngakhale nthawi zambiri imasunga pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya ndalama zomwe zimagulitsidwa patsamba lake.

Goldman, mu positi ya blog, adatcha kupambana kwa Redbubble "kodabwitsa," chifukwa kampaniyo "inasokoneza kwambiri" ntchito zake kuti ipewe tanthauzo lalamulo la wogulitsa."Popanda zosokoneza zotere," adalemba motero, makampani omwe akufuna kusindikiza angayang'anizane ndi "malamulo ambiri opanda malire."

Burroughs, loya waku Los Angeles yemwe amaimira akatswiri ojambula, adalemba pofufuza chigamulocho kuti lingaliro la khothi "lingasonyeze kuti kampani iliyonse yapaintaneti yomwe ikufuna kuphwanya mwachisawawa ikhoza kugulitsa mwalamulo zinthu zonse zomwe mtima wake umafuna malinga ngati amalipira anthu ena kupanga ndi kutumiza katunduyo. "

Makampani ena osindikizira-pofuna amagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chomwecho.Thatcher Spring, CEO wa GearLaunch, adati za Redbubble, "Iwo akuti akupanga ubale wabwino ndi ogulitsa, koma kwenikweni ndikuganiza kuti akulimbikitsa nkhanza za IP."Koma Spring pambuyo pake adavomereza kuti GearLaunch imapanganso mgwirizano ndi opanga chipani chachitatu.“O, ndiko kulondola.Ndife eni malo opangira zinthu.”

Ngakhale chigamulo cha Ohio State chikayima, chikhoza kusokoneza makampani.Monga Kent, woyambitsa SunFrog, amanenera, "Ngati osindikiza ali ndi udindo, ndani angafune kusindikiza?"

Amazon ikuyang'anizana ndi mlandu wofananawo wokhudzana ndi udindo wake wa leash ya agalu yolakwika yopangidwa ndi wamalonda wodziyimira pawokha yemwe adachititsa khungu kasitomala.Mlanduwu umatsutsa mfundo yomwe idapulumutsa Redbubble: Kodi msika, ngakhale si "wogulitsa," ungakhale ndi mlandu pazogulitsa zomwe zimagulitsidwa patsamba lake?M’mwezi wa July, oweruza atatu a Khoti Loona za Apilo la Third Circuit ku United States linagamula kuti mlanduwu upitirire;Amazon idachita apilo kwa oweruza okulirapo, omwe adamvera mlanduwu mwezi watha.Zovala izi zitha kukonzanso ecommerce komanso, malamulo a umwini pa intaneti.

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, kuchuluka kwa zomwe zidakwezedwa, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinthu zanzeru, ngakhale makampani osindikizira omwe akufuna kuvomereza amavomereza kuti kuphwanya kwina sikungapeweke.Mu imelo, Davis, woweruza wamkulu wa Redbubble, adayitcha "vuto lazachuma."

Kampani iliyonse imachitapo kanthu kuti iwonetsetse nsanja yake, makamaka popereka malo omwe omwe ali ndi ufulu amatha kutumiza zidziwitso zakuphwanya;amalangizanso ogwiritsa ntchito za kuopsa kwa kutumiza zojambula zopanda chilolezo.GearLaunch idasindikiza blog yotchedwa "Momwe Osapita Kundende ya Copyright ndikukhalabe Wolemera."

GearLaunch ndi SunFrog akuti amathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu ozindikira zithunzi kuti ayang'ane mapangidwe omwe angakhale ophwanya malamulo.Koma Kent akuti SunFrog imakonza mapulogalamu ake kuti azindikire mapangidwe ena okha, chifukwa, akuti, ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri kusanthula mamiliyoni akukweza.Kuphatikiza apo, adati, "Tekinoloje si yabwino choncho."Palibe kampani yomwe ingawulule kukula kwa gulu lake lotsatira.

A Davis a Redbubble akuti kampaniyo imaletsa kuyika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku "kuteteza zomwe zili pamlingo."Akuti gulu la Redbubble Marketplace Integrity - lomwe adafotokoza pafoni kuti "lowonda" - likuimbidwa mlandu ndi "kuzindikira kosalekeza ndikuchotsa maakaunti osavomerezeka opangidwa ndi bots," omwe amatha kupanga maakaunti ndikuyika zinthu zambiri zokha.Gulu lomwelo, a Davis adanena mu imelo, limagwiranso ntchito ndi kukwapula zomwe zili, kusaina, komanso "khalidwe lachinyengo."

Davis akuti Redbubble imasankha kusagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yodziwika bwino yozindikira zithunzi, ngakhale kampani yake yocheperako Teepublic imatero."Ndikuganiza kuti pali malingaliro olakwika" oti mapulogalamu ofananitsa zithunzi ndi "kukonza zamatsenga," adalemba mu imelo, kutchula malire aukadaulo komanso kuchuluka kwa zithunzi ndi kusiyanasiyana "kupangidwa mphindi iliyonse."(Redbubble's 2018 Investor ulaliki akuyerekeza ogwiritsa 280,000 adakweza 17.4 miliyoni zojambula zosiyana chaka chimenecho.) Chifukwa mapulogalamu sangathe kuthana ndi vutoli "momwe timafunikira," adalemba, Redbubble ikuyesa zida zake, kuphatikiza pulogalamu yomwe imayang'ana zithunzi zomwe zakwezedwa kumene ndi database yake yonse.Redbubble ikuyembekeza kuyambitsa izi kumapeto kwa chaka chino.

Mu imelo, woimira eBay akuti kampaniyo imagwiritsa ntchito "zida zodziwikiratu, kukakamiza komanso maubwenzi olimba ndi eni ake" kuwongolera malo ake.Kampaniyo ikuti pulogalamu yake yoletsa kuphwanya malamulo kwa eni ake otsimikizika ili ndi anthu 40,000.Woimira Amazon adatchulapo ndalama zokwana madola 400 miliyoni kuti athetse chinyengo, kuphatikizapo chinyengo, komanso mapulogalamu a mgwirizano wamtundu wopangidwa kuti achepetse kuphwanya malamulo.Ofesi yolumikizirana ya Etsy idatumizanso mafunso ku lipoti laposachedwa kwambiri la kampaniyo, pomwe kampaniyo imati idalepheretsa mwayi wofikira mindandanda yopitilira 400,000 mu 2018, kukwera ndi 71 peresenti kuyambira chaka chatha.TeeChip ikunena kuti yayika ndalama zokwana madola mamiliyoni ambiri kuti zithandizire kuzindikira kuphwanya malamulo, ndikuyika mapangidwe aliwonse kudzera "mchitidwe wowunika mozama" kuphatikiza kuwunika kwa malemba ndi mapulogalamu ozindikira zithunzi omwe amathandizidwa ndi makina.

Mu imelo ina, Davis adafotokoza zovuta zina.Omwe ali ndiufulu nthawi zambiri amapempha kuti achotse zinthu zomwe zili zotetezedwa mwalamulo, monga zamatsenga, akutero.Ena amakakamiza zofuna zosamveka: Wina adafunsa Redbubble kuti aletse mawu oti "munthu".

"Sikotheka kokha kuzindikira zokopera kapena chizindikiro chilichonse chomwe chilipo ndipo chidzakhalapo," adatero Davis mu imelo, koma "si onse omwe ali ndi ufulu omwe amateteza IP yawo chimodzimodzi."Ena amafuna kusalolera, adatero, koma ena amaganiza kuti mapangidwewo, ngakhale aphwanya, amapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri azifuna."Nthawi zina," adatero Davis, "omwe ali ndi ufulu amabwera kwa ife ndi chidziwitso chochotsa ndiyeno wojambulayo amalemba chikalata chotsutsa, ndipo yemwe ali ndi ufulu amabweranso nati, 'Zowona, zili bwino ndi zimenezo.Zisiyeni.'”

Zovuta zimapanga zomwe Goldman, pulofesa wa Santa Clara, amachitcha "zoyembekeza zosatheka" kuti atsatire."Mutha kukakamiza aliyense padziko lapansi kuti awone zojambula izi, ndipo sizingakhale zokwanira," adatero Goldman poyankhulana.

Kent akuti zovutazi komanso milanduyi idakankhira SunFrog kuchoka pakufuna kusindikiza kupita ku "malo otetezeka, odziwika bwino."Kampaniyo nthawi ina idadzitcha yekha ngati wopanga ma T-sheti wamkulu kwambiri ku US.Tsopano, Kent akuti SunFrog ikuchita mgwirizano ndi mitundu yodziwika, monga Discovery Channel's Shark Week."Sabata ya Shark sidzaphwanya aliyense," akutero.

Redbubble, nawonso, adalemba "mgwirizano wokhutira" ngati cholinga muzowonetsa zake za 2018.Masiku ano pulogalamu yake yamgwirizano imaphatikizapo mitundu 59, makamaka kuchokera kumakampani azosangalatsa.Zowonjezera zaposachedwa zikuphatikiza zinthu zomwe zili ndi chilolezo kuchokera ku Universal Studios, kuphatikiza Jaws, Back to the Future, ndi Shaun of The Dead.

Omwe ali ndi ufulu akuti kulemedwa kwawo, kuzindikiritsa zinthu zomwe zikuphwanya malamulo ndikuwatsata komwe akuchokera, ndikofunikiranso."Ndi ntchito yanthawi zonse," adatero Burroughs, loya yemwe amaimira ojambula.Imhoff, wothandizira chilolezo ku Texas Chainsaw, akuti ntchitoyi ndi yovuta makamaka kwa omwe ali ndi ufulu wapakati, monga Exurbia.

Kukhazikitsa chizindikiro ndikofunikira kwambiri.Eni ma copyright amatha kukakamiza maufulu awo molimba kapena momasuka momwe angafunire, koma omwe ali ndi ufulu ayenera kuwonetsa kuti akukakamiza zilembo zawo nthawi zonse.Ngati ogula sakuphatikizanso chizindikiro ndi mtundu, chizindikirocho chimakhala chachilendo.(Escalator, palafini, tepi ya kanema, trampoline, ndi foni yam'manja zonse zidataya zizindikiro zawo motere.)

Zizindikiro za Exurbia zikuphatikiza ufulu wokhala ndi mawu opitilira 20 ndi ma logo a The Texas Chainsaw Massacre ndi mdani wake, Leatherface.Chilimwe chatha, ntchito yoteteza makonda ake ndi zizindikiritso - kufufuza mobwerezabwereza, kutsimikizira, kulemba, kutsatira makampani osadziwika, maloya ofunsira, ndi kutumiza zidziwitso kwa ogwiritsa ntchito tsamba lawebusayiti - idatambasulira zomwe kampaniyo idapeza mpaka pomwe Cassidy adabweretsa antchito atatu ogwira ntchito zamakontrakitala. ndodo mpaka eyiti.

Koma zidafika malire pomwe Cassidy adazindikira kuti masamba ambiri atsopano omwe amagulitsa ma knockoffs anali kunja kwa nyanja ndipo zosatheka kuwatsata.Kuphwanya ufulu waumwini ku Asia sikwachilendo, koma ogwira ntchito kumayiko akunja akhazikitsanso malo ogulitsira papulatifomu yaku US yosindikiza-pofuna.Masamba ambiri ndi magulu a Exurbia adapeza akukankhira zotsatsa zapa media kuti asindikize-pofuna kugogoda chaka chatha adatsata ogwira ntchito ku Asia.

Tsamba loyamba la Facebook lomwe Cassidy adafufuza, Hocus ndi Pocus ndi Chill, ali ndi zokonda za 36,000, ndipo pa tsamba lake lowonekera lili ndi ogwira ntchito 30 omwe ali ku Vietnam;gulu linasiya zotsatsa kugwa kwatha.

Cassidy amakayikira kuti ambiri mwa ogulitsawa amagulitsidwa kunja, chifukwa sakanatha kuwatsata ku nsanja ya makolo kapena malo otumizira.Masamba azamalamulo ndi achinsinsi anali ndi mawu oikira malo.Zidziwitso zochotsa sizinachitike.Kuyimba foni, maimelo, ndi kufufuzidwa kwa ISP zonse zafika pamapeto.Masamba ena amati maadiresi aku US, koma makalata osiya-ndi-siyani omwe adatumizidwa kudzera pamakalata ovomerezeka adabwezanso olembedwa kuti obwerera kwa-otumiza, kuwonetsa kuti ma adilesiwo anali abodza.

Choncho Cassidy anagula malaya a Chainsaw ndi khadi lake la kinki, poganiza kuti atha kutulutsa adilesi kuchokera ku sitetimenti yake yakubanki.Zinthuzo zidafika patatha milungu ingapo;mawu ake aku banki adati makampani ambiri anali ku Vietnam.Mawu enanso anali opanda pake.Zolipiritsa zidalembedwa m'makampani omwe ali ndi ma adilesi aku US - mwachitsanzo, ogulitsa mowa ku Midwestern hops.Cassidy adayitana makampaniwo, koma analibe mbiri ya zochitikazo ndipo samadziwa zomwe amalankhula.Iye sanaziganizirebe izo.

Mu Ogasiti, Sahad wotopa adafikira ku Redbubble ndikufunsa zambiri za mgwirizano wamtundu.Pa Novembara 4, pa pempho la Redbubble, Exurbia adatumiza maimelo amtundu wamtundu, chizindikiro cha malonda ndi zidziwitso za kukopera, ID yaumwini, ndi kalata yololeza.Exurbia adafunsanso lipoti la zidziwitso zonse zochotsa chifukwa chophwanya Chainsaw zinthu zomwe Redbubble adalandira kwazaka zambiri.

M'mayimbidwe otsatirawa ndi maimelo, oimira Redbubble adapereka mgwirizano wogawana ndalama.Chopereka choyambirira, mu chikalata chowunikidwa ndi WIRED, chinaphatikizapo 6 peresenti ya malipiro kwa Exurbia pa zaluso za mafani ndi 10 peresenti pa malonda ovomerezeka.(Imhoff akuti muyezo wamakampani uli pakati pa 12 ndi 15 peresenti.) Exurbia sanafune.Cassidy anati: “Anapeza ndalama pogwiritsa ntchito luntha lathu kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo ayenera kukonza zimenezo."Koma sanali kubwera ndi chikwama chawo."

"Mutha kukakamiza aliyense padziko lapansi kuti awone zojambula izi ndipo sizingakhale zokwanira."

Pa Disembala 19, Exurbia idapereka zidziwitso zatsopano 277 ku Redbubble ndipo patatha masiku anayi idapereka 132 ndi kampani yake, TeePublic, ya T-shirts, zikwangwani, ndi zinthu zina.Zinthuzo zidachotsedwa.Pa Januware 8, Exurbia idatumizanso imelo ina, yowunikiridwa ndi WIRED, kuyitanitsa milandu yatsopano yolakwira, yomwe Sahad adalemba ndi zithunzi, spreadsheet, ndi zotsatira zakusaka kuyambira tsikulo.Kafukufuku wa Redbubble, mwachitsanzo, adabweza zotsatira 252 za ​​"Texas Chainsaw Massacre" ndi 549 za "Leatherface".Kusaka kwa TeePublic kunawulula zina zambiri.

Pa February 18, Redbubble idatumiza Exurbia lipoti la zidziwitso zonse zakuchotsedwa kwa Chainsaw zomwe adalandira, komanso mtengo wonse wazinthu za Chainsaw zomwe Sahad adazizindikira m'zidziwitso zotsitsidwa kuyambira Marichi 2019. Exurbia sanawulule nambala yogulitsa, koma Cassidy adati ndi mogwirizana ndi kuyerekezera kwake.

WIRED itafunsa ndi Redbubble pazokambirana ndi Exurbia, loya wapanyumba ya Redbubble adauza Exurbia kuti kampaniyo ikuganiza njira zolipirira malonda ophwanya malamulowo.Mbali zonse ziwiri zati zokambirana zikupitilira.Cassidy ali ndi chiyembekezo.Iye anati: “Zikuoneka kuti ndi okhawo amene amayesetsa."Zomwe timayamikira."

Ndiye, kodi mtundu uwu ungasinthidwe bwanji osasintha eni ake a IP kapena kukweza bizinesi yokhala ndi zochuluka chotere?Kodi tikufuna DMCA yatsopano—ndi imodzi yazizindikiro?Kodi chilichonse chingasinthe popanda malamulo atsopano?

Makampani opanga nyimbo angapereke chidziwitso.Kale Napster asanachitike, makampaniwa adakumana ndi vuto lofanana ndi laulemu: Ndi nyimbo zambiri zomwe zimaseweredwa m'malo ambiri, kodi ojambula ayenera kulandira bwanji?Magulu opereka ziphaso monga ASCAP adalowererapo, ndikukhazikitsa mapangano ogawana ndalama zambiri kumalipiro a ma broker.Ojambula amalipira ASCAP chindapusa chanthawi imodzi kuti alowe nawo, ndipo owulutsa, mipiringidzo, ndi makalabu ausiku amalipira chindapusa chapachaka chomwe chimawamasula kuti asalembe ndikulengeza nyimbo iliyonse.Mabungwe amawunika mawayilesi ndi makalabu, amachita masamu, ndikugawa ndalama.Posachedwapa, mautumiki monga iTunes ndi Spotify adalowa m'malo mwa msika wa Wild West wogawana mafayilo, kugawana ndalama ndi ojambula ovomereza.

Kwa makampani akuluakulu komanso osiyanasiyana kuposa bizinesi ya nyimbo, sizingakhale zophweka.Goldman akuti ena omwe ali ndi ufulu sangafune kuchita nawo malonda;mwa iwo omwe akufuna kulowa nawo, ena angafune kukhala ndi ulamuliro pa mapangidwe ena, zofanana ndi za Eagles zomwe zimayesa gulu lililonse lachikuto lomwe likufuna kuimba Hotel California.Goldman adati: "Ngati bizinesiyo ikupita kumeneko," adatero Goldman, "zikhala zotsika mtengo komanso zokwera mtengo kuposa momwe zilili pano."

A Davis a Redbubble akuti "ndikofunikira kuti misika ndi ogulitsa, omwe ali ndi ufulu, ojambula, ndi ena onse akhale mbali imodzi ya tebulo."David Imhoff amavomereza kuti chitsanzo cha chilolezo ndi lingaliro losangalatsa, koma amadandaula za kuwongolera khalidwe."Ma brand ayenera kuteteza chithunzi chawo, kukhulupirika kwawo," adatero."Pakadali pano zomwe zikubwera mwanjira iliyonse sizingatheke."

Ndipo ndipamene ojambula, maloya, makhothi, makampani, ndi omwe ali ndi ufulu akuwoneka kuti akugwirizana.Kuti pamapeto pake, udindowo ukuwoneka kuti ukugwa ndi makampani odziwika kwambiri osintha onse: boma la federal.

Zasinthidwa, 3-24-20, 12pm ET: Nkhaniyi yasinthidwa kuti imveketse bwino kuti "kukakamira mwamphamvu" si gawo la mgwirizano wamtundu wamtundu pakati pa Exurbia ndi Redbubble.

WIRED ndipamene mawa amazindikiridwa.Ndilo gwero lofunikira lachidziwitso ndi malingaliro omwe amamveka bwino padziko lapansi pakusintha kosalekeza.Zokambirana za WIRED zimawunikira momwe ukadaulo ukusintha mbali zonse za moyo wathu - kuchokera ku chikhalidwe kupita ku bizinesi, sayansi mpaka kupanga.Kupambana ndi zatsopano zomwe timapeza zimatsogolera ku njira zatsopano zoganizira, kulumikizana kwatsopano, ndi mafakitale atsopano.

© 2020 Condé Nast.Maumwini onse ndi otetezedwa.Kugwiritsa ntchito tsamba lino kukutanthauza kuvomereza Mgwirizano Wathu Wogwiritsa (wosinthidwa 1/1/20) ndi Zinsinsi Zazinsinsi ndi Statement Cookie (zosinthidwa 1/1/20) ndi Ufulu Wanu Wazinsinsi zaku California.Osagulitsa Chidziwitso Changa Changa Wired atha kupeza gawo lazogulitsa kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zimagulidwa patsamba lathu ngati gawo la Mgwirizano Wathu Wogwirizana ndi ogulitsa.Zomwe zili patsambali sizitha kupangidwanso, kugawidwa, kufalitsidwa, kusungidwa kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira ina, kupatula ngati walandira chilolezo cholembedwa ndi Condé Nast.Zosankha Zotsatsa