Muri 2017, isosiyete ikora ibijyanye n’imicungire n’imicungire y’abantu batatu yitwa Austin yitwa Exurbia Films yatangiye kuyobora uburenganzira bw’ubwicanyi bwakorewe mu mateka ya Texas Chainsaw Massacre yo mu 1974.

Pat Cassidy, umuproducer akaba n'umukozi muri Exurbia agira ati: "Akazi kanjye kwari ukutujyana muri Chainsaw 2.0."Ati: "Abasore bambere bakoze akazi gakomeye ko gucunga uburenganzira ariko ntibakomoka kumurongo wa interineti.Ntibari bafite Facebook. ”

Exurbia yari ifite ijisho ryo guteza imbere franchise kandi muri 2018 yagiranye amasezerano na serivise za firime na firime nyinshi zishingiye kuri firime yumwimerere, byose byatezimbere hamwe na Legendary Pictures.Irimo kandi itezimbere Texas Chainsaw Massacre ibishushanyo mbonera, isosi ya barbecue, nibicuruzwa byabimenyereye nkibyumba byo guhunga n'inzu zihiga.

Akandi kazi ka Exurbia kagaragaye ko kugoye cyane: gucunga ibirango bya Chainsaw hamwe nuburenganzira bwa muntu, harimo izina rya firime, amashusho, nuburenganzira bwumugome wacyo, Leatherface.

Inararibonye mu nganda, David Imhoff, watsindiye amasezerano yo gutanga uruhushya rwa Chainsaw mu izina ry’umwanditsi w’iyi filime, Kim Henkel, n’abandi kuva mu myaka ya za 90, yabwiye Cassidy n’undi mukozi wa Exurbia, Daniel Sahad, kwitegura umwuzure w’ibintu byiganano.Mu kiganiro Imhoff yagize ati: "Ni ikimenyetso ukunzwe."

Imhoff yerekeje Exurbia ku bihangange mu bucuruzi nka Etsy, eBay, na Amazon, aho abacuruzi bigenga bajyanaga ibintu bya Chainsaw bitemewe.Ibicuruzwa bigomba kubahiriza ibimenyetso byabyo, bityo Sahad yakoresheje igihe cye kinini kumurimo ibigo binini bikunze guha amakipi yemewe n'amategeko: gushakisha no gutanga raporo.Exurbia yatanze amatangazo arenga 50 kuri eBay, arenga 75 muri Amazon, naho 500 arenga Etsy, asaba imbuga gukuraho ibintu binyuranyije n’ibirango bya Chainsaw.Imbuga zavanyeho ibintu byangiritse mugihe cyicyumweru kimwe cyangwa irenga;ariko niba hari ikindi gishushanyo mbonera cyagaragaye, Exurbia yagombaga kuyishakisha, kuyandika, no gutanga irindi tangazo.

Imhoff yamenyesheje kandi Cassidy na Sahad izina ritamenyerewe: isosiyete yo muri Ositaraliya yitwa Redbubble, aho yagiye itanga amatangazo y’ihohoterwa rimwe na rimwe mu izina rya Chainsaw guhera mu 2013. Nyuma y'igihe, ikibazo cyarushijeho kwiyongera: Sahad yohereje amatangazo 649 yafashwe kuri Redbubble ndetse n’ishami ryayo. Teepublic muri 2019. Imbuga zavanyeho ibintu, ariko bishya byagaragaye.

Hanyuma, muri Kanama, Halloween yegereje - igihe cya Noheri yo gucuruza amahano - inshuti zandikiraga Cassidy, zimubwira ko babonye umurongo mushya w’ibishushanyo bishya bigurishwa kuri interineti, cyane cyane bigurishwa binyuze ku matangazo ya Facebook na Instagram.

Amatangazo amwe yatumye Cassidy kurubuga rwitwa Dzeetee.com, akurikirana isosiyete atigeze yumva, TeeChip.Yakurikiranye andi matangazo ku zindi mbuga zigurisha ibintu bya Chainsaw bitemewe, nabyo bifitanye isano na TeeChip.Cassidy avuga ko mu byumweru bike, yavumbuye ibigo byinshi bisa, buri kimwe gishyigikira amaduka menshi, amagana, rimwe na rimwe ibihumbi.Inyandiko n'amatangazo yo mumatsinda ya Facebook ahujwe naya masosiyete yari marketing knockoff umucuruzi wa Chainsaw.

Cassidy yarumiwe.Agira ati: “Byari binini kuruta uko twabitekerezaga.Ati: "Ntabwo yari imbuga 10 gusa.Bari igihumbi. ”(Cassidy n'umwanditsi bamaze imyaka 20. ari inshuti.)

Ibigo nka TeeChip bizwi nkibicuruzwa byacapwe.Bemerera abakoresha gushiraho no gushushanya isoko;iyo umukiriya ashyizeho itegeko-vuga, kuri T-shirt - isosiyete itegura icapiro, akenshi rikorerwa murugo, kandi ikintu cyoherezwa kubakiriya.Ikoranabuhanga riha umuntu wese ufite igitekerezo hamwe nu murongo wa interineti ubushobozi bwo gukoresha amafaranga mu guhanga no gutangiza umurongo w’ibicuruzwa ku isi udafite umutwe, nta bubiko, nta ngaruka.

Dore rubavu: Ba nyir'uburenganzira n'ibirango bavuga ko mu kwemerera umuntu uwo ari we wese kohereza igishushanyo icyo ari cyo cyose, ibigo byandika-bisabwa byoroha cyane kubangamira uburenganzira bwabo ku mutungo bwite mu by'ubwenge.Bavuga ko amaduka acururizwamo ibicuruzwa byanyereje miliyoni icumi, bishoboka ko ari magana, miliyoni z'amadolari ku mwaka mu kugurisha bitemewe, ku buryo bidashoboka ko umuntu ashobora kugenzura uko umutungo wabo ukoreshwa cyangwa uwabyungukiramo.

Ubwiyongere bukabije bwikoranabuhanga ryandika-risabwa biracecetse bucece amategeko amaze imyaka mirongo agenga imikoreshereze yumutungo wubwenge kuri interineti.Itegeko ryo mu 1998 ryiswe Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) ririnda urubuga rwa interineti uburyozwacyaha bwo kuvutswa uburenganzira bwo kwakira gusa ibikubiyemo byashyizwe ahagaragara.Ibyo bivuze ko abafite uburenganzira mubisanzwe bagomba gusaba urubuga gukuraho buri kintu bemeza ko kibangamiye umutungo wabo wubwenge.Byongeye kandi, ibigo byandika-bisabwa akenshi bihindura-cyangwa bifasha guhindura-dosiye ya digitale mubicuruzwa bifatika nka T-shati hamwe nikawawa.Abahanga bamwe bavuga ko babashyira ahantu h'imvi zemewe.Kandi DMCA ntabwo ikoreshwa mubirango, bikubiyemo amazina, ibimenyetso byamagambo, nibindi bimenyetso byihariye, nka Nike swoosh.

Amashusho yafashwe na Exurbia Films ya T-shirt yo kugurisha bivugwa ko yarenze ku bicuruzwa byayo ku bwicanyi bwabereye muri Texas Chainsaw.

CafePress, yatangijwe mu 1999, yari mubikorwa byambere byacapishijwe;icyitegererezo cyubucuruzi cyakwirakwiriye hagati ya 2000 hamwe no kuzamuka kwicapiro rya digitale.Mbere, abayikora bari kwerekana-gucapa igishushanyo kimwe kubintu nka T-shati, uburyo bwibanda cyane mubisanzwe bisaba ibicuruzwa byinshi kugirango uhindure inyungu.Hamwe nogucapisha hakoreshejwe digitale, wino yatewe kubintu ubwabyo, bituma imashini imwe icapa ibishushanyo bitandukanye kumunsi, bigatuma umusaruro umwe umwe wunguka.

Inganda zahise zitera urusaku.Zazzle, urubuga rwanditse-rusabwa, rwatangije urubuga rwarwo mu 2005;nyuma yimyaka itatu, yahawe igihembo cyubucuruzi bwiza bwumwaka na TechCrunch.Redbubble yaje mu 2006, ikurikirwa nabandi nka TeeChip, TeePublic, na SunFrog.Muri iki gihe, izo mbuga ni inkingi y’inganda zingana n’amadolari y’inganda ku isi, hamwe n’umurongo w’ibicuruzwa uva kuri T-shati na hoodies ukageza ku myenda y'imbere, ibyapa, imifuka, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, ibikapu, amakariso, amaboko, ndetse n'imitako.

Ibigo byinshi byandika-bisabwa byahujwe nubucuruzi bwibicuruzwa byuzuye, byemerera abashushanya gucunga ububiko bworoshye bwurubuga-bisa nurupapuro rwabakoresha kuri Etsy cyangwa Amazon.Amahuriro amwe, nka GearLaunch, yemerera abashushanya gukora page munsi yizina ryihariye kandi bagahuza na serivise zizwi cyane nka Shopify, mugihe batanga ibikoresho byo kwamamaza no kubara, umusaruro, gutanga, na serivisi zabakiriya.

Kimwe nabantu benshi batangiye, ibigo byandika-bisabwa bikunda kwitwikira muri minificent techno-marketing clichés.SunFrog ni “umuryango” w'abahanzi n'abakiriya, aho abashyitsi bashobora guhaha “ibishushanyo mbonera kandi byihariye nkawe.”Redbubble yisobanura nk "isoko ryisi yose, hamwe nubuhanzi budasanzwe, bwumwimerere butangwa kugurishwa nabahanzi bateye ubwoba, bigenga kubicuruzwa byiza."

Ariko kwamamaza lingo birangaza kubyo bamwe mubafite uburenganzira nabavoka bafite umutungo wubwenge bemeza ko ari umusingi wubucuruzi bwubucuruzi: kugurisha impimbano.Imbuga zemerera abakoresha gushiraho ibishushanyo byose bakunda;kurubuga runini, kohereza birashobora kubara ibihumbi icumi kumunsi.Imbuga ntizisabwa gusubiramo igishushanyo keretse umuntu avuga ko amagambo cyangwa ishusho bibangamiye uburenganzira cyangwa ikirango.Buri kirego nk'iki gikubiyemo gutanga itangazo ryihariye.Abakenguzamateka bavuga ko biteza ihohoterwa ry'uburenganzira, haba mu bwenge no kutabishaka.

Uhagarariye impushya, Imhoff agira ati: "Inganda zazamutse cyane ku buryo nazo, ihohoterwa ryaturikiye."Nko mu mwaka wa 2010, agira ati: “Icapa-ku-cyifuzo cyari gifite umugabane muto ku isoko, ntabwo cyari ikibazo cyane.Ariko yakuze vuba [ku buryo] yavuye mu ntoki. ”

Imhoff avuga ko gushakisha kuri interineti ibintu nka “T-shirt ya Texas Chainsaw Massacre T-shirt” bikunze kwerekana ibishushanyo bibangamira uburenganzira bwa Exurbia n'ibirango.Avuga ko ibyo byahinduye kubahiriza uburenganzira “umukino udashira wa whack-a-mole” ku bafite uburenganzira, abakozi, ndetse n’amasosiyete akoresha ibicuruzwa.

Imhoff agira ati: "Kera wasohokaga ugasanga hari ihohoterwa mu iduka rimwe ry’urunigi mu isoko ryaho, bityo ukabaza umuguzi w’igihugu kandi byaba aribyo."Ati: “Ubu hari amamiriyoni y'abacuruzi bigenga bategura ibicuruzwa buri munsi.”

Hano hari amafaranga menshi.Redbubble, yatangiriye ku isoko ry’imigabane rya Ositaraliya mu 2016, yabwiye abashoramari muri Nyakanga 2019 ko yorohereje ibicuruzwa byinjije miliyoni zisaga 328 z'amadolari mu mezi 12 abanziriza.Iyi sosiyete irateganya isoko rya interineti ku isi ry’imyenda n’ibikoresho byo mu rugo muri uyu mwaka kuri miliyari 280 z'amadolari.Nk’uko ikinyamakuru SunFrog kigeze, mu 2017, cyinjije miliyoni 150 z'amadolari y'Amerika nk'uko urukiko rwabitanze.Zazzle yabwiye CNBC ko iteganya kwinjiza miliyoni 250 z'amadolari muri 2015.

Ntabwo ibyo bicuruzwa byose byerekana ihohoterwa, byanze bikunze.Ariko Scott Burroughs, umunyamategeko w’ubuhanzi i Los Angeles wahagarariye abashushanya ibintu byinshi bigenga mu manza barega amasosiyete asohora ibicuruzwa, yizera ko byinshi, niba atari byinshi, ibirimo bigaragara ko bibangamiye.Mark Lemley, umuyobozi wa gahunda y’ishuri ryigisha amategeko rya Stanford mu mategeko, siyanse, n’ikoranabuhanga, avuga ko isuzuma rya Burroughs rishobora kuba ari ukuri ariko ko igereranya nk'iryo ritoroshye kubera “ibirego bikabije abafite uburenganzira, cyane cyane ku ruhande rw'ikirango.”

Kubera iyo mpamvu, izamuka ry’icapiro-ry-ibisabwa naryo ryazanye imanza z’abafite uburenganzira kuva ku bahanzi bigenga bashushanya kugeza ku bicuruzwa mpuzamahanga.

Ibiciro byo gucapa-kubisabwa birashobora kuba byinshi.Muri 2017, abayobozi muri Harley-Davidson babonye ibishushanyo birenga 100 byanditseho ibicuruzwa bikora moto - nk'ikirangantego kizwi cyane cya Bar & Shield na logo ya Willie G. Skull - ku rubuga rwa SunFrog.Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza rwa federasiyo mu Karere ka Wisconsin, Harley yohereje SunFrog ibirego birenga 70 by’ibintu “birenga 800” bibangamiye ikirango cya Harley.Muri Mata 2018, umucamanza yahaye Harley-Davidson miliyoni 19.2 z'amadolari y'Amerika - akaba ari yo yishyuye amafaranga menshi mu isosiyete kugeza ubu - kandi abuza SunFrog kugurisha ibicuruzwa n'ibirango bya Harley.Umucamanza w'akarere ka Amerika JP Stadtmueller yacyashye SunFrog kuba idakorera byinshi abapolisi kurubuga rwayo.Yanditse ati: “SunFrog irasaba ubujiji yicaye hejuru y'umusozi w'umutungo ushobora koherezwa mu guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryiza, uburyo bwo gusuzuma, cyangwa amahugurwa yafasha kurwanya ihohoterwa.”

Uwashinze SunFrog, Josh Kent, avuga ko ibintu bidakwiye bya Harley byaturutse ku “nka kimwe cya kabiri cy'abana muri Vietnam” bari bashyizeho ibishushanyo.“Ntibabonye igikumwe kuri bo.”Kent ntiyigeze asubiza ibyifuzo bisobanuro birambuye ku cyemezo cya Harley.

Urubanza nk'urwo rwatanzwe mu 2016 rufite ibimenyetso byingenzi.Muri uwo mwaka, umuhanzi w'amashusho muri Californiya, Greg Young yareze Zazzle mu rukiko rw’intara rwo muri Amerika, avuga ko abakoresha Zazzle bohereje kandi bagurisha ibicuruzwa birimo umurimo we wabiherewe uburenganzira nta ruhushya, ikirego Zazzle ntiyahakanye.Umucamanza yasanze DMCA yarinze Zazzle kuryozwa ibyoherejwe ubwabo ariko avuga ko Zazzle ashobora gukomeza kuregwa indishyi kubera uruhare yagize mu gukora no kugurisha ibyo bicuruzwa.Bitandukanye n’amasoko yo kuri interineti nka Amazon cyangwa eBay, umucamanza yaranditse ati: "Zazzle ikora ibicuruzwa."

Zazzle yajuririye, ariko mu Gushyingo urukiko rw'ubujurire rwemeje ko Zazzle ashobora kuryozwa, kandi Young ihagaze yakira amadolari arenga 500.000.Zazzle ntiyigeze asubiza ibyifuzo bye.

Iri tegeko, niba rifite, rishobora guhungabanya inganda.Eric Goldman, umwarimu mu ishuri ry’amategeko rya kaminuza ya Santa Clara, yanditse ko iki cyemezo cyemerera ba nyir'uburenganzira “gufata Zazzle nka ATM yabo bwite.”Mu kiganiro, Goldman avuga ko niba inkiko zikomeje gutegeka muri ubu buryo, inganda zandika ku bicuruzwa “zirarimbuka.… Birashoboka ko bidashobora kurokoka ibibazo byemewe n'amategeko. ”

Lemley wo muri Stanford avuga ko ku bijyanye n'uburenganzira, uruhare rw’amasosiyete asaba uruhare mu guhindura dosiye ya digitale mu bicuruzwa bifatika bishobora kugira icyo bihindura imbere y'amategeko.Avuga ko niba ibigo bikora kandi bikagurisha ibicuruzwa mu buryo butaziguye, ntibashobora kubona uburinzi bwa DMCA, “batitaye ku bumenyi kandi batitaye ku ntambwe ifatika bafata kugira ngo bakureho ibintu bibangamira iyo babimenye.”

Ariko ibyo ntibishobora kumera niba inganda zikorwa nundi muntu wa gatatu, zemerera imbuga zacapwe kubisabwa kuvuga ko ari amasoko gusa nkuko Amazone imeze.Muri Werurwe 2019, Urukiko rw’intara rwo muri Amerika mu majyepfo y’amajyepfo ya Ohio rwasanze Redbubble itaryozwa kugurisha ibicuruzwa bya kaminuza ya Leta ya Ohio itabifitiye uburenganzira.Urukiko rwemeje ko ibicuruzwa birimo amashati n’ibiti, bibangamiye ikirango cya Leta ya Ohio.Yasanze Redbubble yorohereza kugurisha kandi igirana amasezerano yo gucapa no kohereza abafatanyabikorwa - kandi ibintu byatanzwe mubipfunyika biranga Redbubble.Ariko urukiko rwavuze ko Redbubble idashobora kuregwa kubera ko mu buryo bwa tekiniki itakoze cyangwa ngo igurishe ibicuruzwa byangijwe.Mu maso y’umucamanza, Redbubble yorohereje gusa kugurisha hagati y’abakoresha n’abakiriya kandi ntabwo yakoraga nk '“umugurisha.”Leta ya Ohio yanze kugira icyo ivuga kuri iki cyemezo;ingingo ku bujurire bwayo ziteganijwe ku wa kane.

Corina Davis, umuyobozi mukuru mu by'amategeko wa Redbubble, yanze kugira icyo atangaza ku rubanza rwa Leta ya Ohio, ariko asubiramo ibitekerezo by'urukiko mu kiganiro.Agira ati: "Ntabwo tugomba kuryozwa ihohoterwa, igihe."“Ntacyo tugurisha.Ntacyo dukora. ”

Muri imeri 750 yakurikiranye, Davis yavuze ko azi ko bamwe mu bakoresha Redbubble bagerageza gukoresha urubuga rwo kugurisha imitungo y’ubwenge “yibwe”.Politiki y'isosiyete, yagize ati: "ntabwo ari ukurengera gusa abafite uburenganzira bunini, ahubwo ni ukurinda abo bahanzi bose bigenga kugira undi muntu winjiza amafaranga mu buhanzi bwabo."Redbubble ivuga ko atari umugurisha, nubwo muri rusange ituma hafi 80 ku ijana byinjira mu bicuruzwa ku rubuga rwayo.

Goldman, yanditse ku rubuga rwa blog, yise intsinzi ya Redbubble "biratangaje," kubera ko isosiyete "yahinduye cyane" ibikorwa byayo kugirango yirinde ibisobanuro byemewe n’umugurisha.Yanditse ati: “Hatabayeho gukosorwa nk'ukwo, amasosiyete acapura ibintu ashobora guhura n '“ amategeko atagira imipaka. ”

Burroughs, umushinjacyaha wa Los Angeles uhagarariye abahanzi, yanditse mu isesengura ry'iki cyemezo avuga ko ibitekerezo by'urukiko “byerekana ko isosiyete iyo ari yo yose yo kuri interineti ishaka kwishora mu ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ishobora kugurisha mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko ibicuruzwa byose bya knockoff umutima wifuzaga igihe cyose. yishura abandi bantu gukora no kohereza ibicuruzwa. ”

Andi masosiyete yandika-asabwa gukoresha urugero rusa.Thatcher Spring, umuyobozi mukuru wa GearLaunch, yagize ati:Ariko Spring yaje kwemeza ko GearLaunch nayo igirana amasezerano nabandi bakora.“Yego, nibyo.Ntabwo dufite ibikoresho byo kubyaza umusaruro. ”

Nubwo icyemezo cya leta ya Ohio gihagaze, birashobora gukomeretsa inganda.Nkuko Kent, washinze SunFrog abibona, “Niba icapiro ribazwa, ninde wifuza gucapa?”

Amazon ihura nikibazo nkicyo kijyanye nuburyozwe bwimbwa yimbwa yakozwe numucuruzi wigenga wahumye umukiriya.Uru rubanza rurwanya ihame shingiro ryakijije Redbubble: Isoko, nubwo ritaba "ugurisha," rishobora kuryozwa ibicuruzwa bifatika bigurishwa kurubuga rwayo?Muri Nyakanga, inteko y'abacamanza batatu bo mu rukiko rw'ubujurire rwa gatatu rwo muri Amerika rwemeje ko urubanza rushobora gukomeza;Amazon yajuririye inteko nini y'abacamanza, iburanisha uru rubanza mu kwezi gushize.Iyi kositimu irashobora kuvugurura ubucuruzi kandi, nabwo, amategeko ya nyirubwite kumurongo.

Urebye umubare w’abakoresha, ingano yo kohereza, hamwe n’umutungo w’ubwenge utandukanye, ndetse n’ibigo byandika-bisabwa byemera ko byanze bikunze ihohoterwa ridakuka.Muri imeri, Davis, umujyanama mukuru mu by'amategeko wa Redbubble, yavuze ko ari “ikibazo gikomeye mu nganda.”

Buri sosiyete ifata ingamba kubapolisi urubuga rwayo, mubisanzwe itanga portal aho abafite uburenganzira bashobora gutanga amatangazo yihohoterwa;baragira kandi inama abakoresha ububi bwo kohereza ibishushanyo mbonera.GearLaunch yasohoye blog yise "Nigute Ntabwo Ujya muri Gereza ya Copyright kandi ugakomeza kuba umukire."

GearLaunch na SunFrog bavuga ko bashyigikiye ikoreshwa rya software-imenyekanisha amashusho kugirango bashakishe ibishushanyo bibangamiye.Ariko Kent avuga ko SunFrog itegura porogaramu zayo kugira ngo imenye ibishushanyo bimwe na bimwe, kuko, avuga ko bihenze cyane gusesengura amamiriyoni yoherejwe.Byongeye kandi, yagize ati: "Ikoranabuhanga ntabwo ari ryiza."Nta sosiyete n'imwe yatangaza ingano yitsinda ryayo ryubahiriza.

Redbubble's Davis avuga ko isosiyete igabanya imikoreshereze y’abakoresha buri munsi “kugirango birinde kohereza ibintu ku gipimo.”Avuga ko itsinda rya Redbubble's Marketplace Integrity-yavuze ko yaterefonnye ko ari “ibinure” - yashinjwaga igice cyo “gukomeza gushakisha no gukuraho konti zitemewe zakozwe na bots,” zishobora gukora konti no kohereza ibintu mu buryo bwikora.Iri tsinda rimwe, Davis yavuze kuri imeri, rivuga kandi ku gusiba ibintu, ibitero byo kwiyandikisha, ndetse n’imyitwarire y’uburiganya.

Davis avuga ko Redbubble ihitamo kudakoresha porogaramu isanzwe imenyekanisha amashusho, nubwo ishami ryayo Teepublic ribikora.Yanditse kuri imeri agira ati: "Ndatekereza ko hariho imyumvire itari yo" ko porogaramu ihuza amashusho ari "gukosora amarozi", yanditse ku mbogamizi zishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga ndetse n'ubunini bw'amashusho no gutandukana “bikorwa buri munota.”. Kugenzura amashusho mashya yoherejwe kububiko bwamashusho yose.Redbubble iteganya gushyira ahagaragara iyi mikorere nyuma yuyu mwaka.

Muri imeri, uhagarariye eBay avuga ko iyi sosiyete ikoresha “ibikoresho bikomeye byo gutahura, kubahiriza no kugirana umubano ukomeye na ba nyir'ibicuruzwa” kuri polisi ku rubuga rwayo.Isosiyete ivuga ko gahunda yayo yo kurwanya ihohoterwa kuri ba nyirayo bagenzuwe ifite 40.000 bitabiriye.Uhagarariye Amazone yavuze ko miliyoni zirenga 400 z’amadolari y’ishoramari mu kurwanya uburiganya, harimo impimbano, ndetse na gahunda z’ubufatanye mu rwego rwo kugabanya ihohoterwa.Ibiro by'itumanaho bya Etsy byerekeje ibibazo kuri raporo iheruka gukorera mu mucyo, aho iyi sosiyete ivuga ko itabujije kugera ku rutonde rusaga 400.000 muri 2018, ikaba yiyongereyeho 71 ku ijana ugereranyije n'umwaka ushize.TeeChip ivuga ko yashoye amamiriyoni y’amadolari kugira ngo ifashe kumenya ihohoterwa, kandi ishyira buri gishushanyo binyuze mu “buryo bukomeye bwo gusuzuma” harimo kwerekana inyandiko ndetse na porogaramu yifashisha imashini imenyekanisha amashusho.

Muyindi imeri, Davis yagaragaje izindi mbogamizi.Avuga ko abafite uburenganzira bakunze gusaba gukuramo ibintu birengerwa n'amategeko, nka parody.Bamwe bakanda ibyifuzo bidafite ishingiro: Umwe yasabye Redbubble guhagarika ijambo ryishakisha "umuntu."

Muri email ye, Davis yagize ati: "Ntabwo bidashoboka gusa kumenya uburenganzira cyangwa ikirangantego kiriho kandi kizabaho.", Ariko abafite uburenganzira bose ntibarinda IP mu buryo bumwe. "Yavuze ko bamwe bifuza kutihanganirana na gato, ariko abandi bakibwira ko ibishushanyo mbonera, kabone niyo byaba bitubahirije amategeko bitanga ibyifuzo byinshi.Davis yagize ati: “Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, abafite uburenganzira batugezeho babimenyeshejwe hanyuma umuhanzi atanga icyemezo cyo kwiregura, nyir'uburenganzira aragaruka ati: 'Mubyukuri, ibyo ni byiza.Rekeraho. '”

Ibibazo bitera icyo Goldman, umwarimu wa Santa Clara, yita "ibiteganijwe bidashoboka" kugirango yubahirizwe.Mu kiganiro Goldman yagize ati: "Urashobora guha abantu bose ku isi gusuzuma ibishushanyo mbonera, kandi ntibikiri bihagije."

Kent avuga ko ibintu bigoye ndetse n’imanza byatumye SunFrog itandukana n’ibisabwa ku “mwanya utekanye, ushobora gutegurwa.”Isosiyete yigeze kuvuga ko ari uruganda runini rwa T-shirt rwanditse muri Amerika.Ubu, Kent avuga ko SunFrog ikurikirana ubufatanye n'ibirango bizwi, nk'icyumweru cya Shark Week.Agira ati: “Icyumweru cya Shark ntabwo kizahungabanya umuntu uwo ari we wese.

Redbubble, nayo, yashyize ku rutonde "ubufatanye bwibirimo" nkintego mugutanga imigabane ya 2018.Uyu munsi gahunda yubufatanye ikubiyemo ibirango 59, ahanini biva mubikorwa byo kwidagadura.Ibyongeweho vuba aha birimo ibintu byemewe na Studiyo Yose, harimo Jaws, Tugarutse Kuzaza, na Shaun w Abapfuye.

Abafite uburenganzira bavuga ko umutwaro wabo - kumenya ibicuruzwa byangijwe no kubikurikirana aho bituruka - bisaba kimwe.Avoka uhagarariye abahanzi, Burroughs yagize ati: "Mu byukuri ni akazi k'igihe cyose."Imhoff, umukozi ushinzwe impushya zo muri Texas Chainsaw, avuga ko iki gikorwa kitoroshye cyane ku bantu bato bagabanya uburenganzira bw’abafite uburenganzira nka Exurbia.

Gushyira mu bikorwa ikirango birasaba cyane.Abafite uburenganzira barashobora kubahiriza uburenganzira bwabo uko bishakiye cyangwa bidatinze uko bishakiye, ariko abafite uburenganzira bagomba kwerekana ko bahora bashyira mu bikorwa ibimenyetso byabo.Niba abaguzi batagihuza ikirango nikirangantego, ikimenyetso gihinduka rusange.(Escalator, kerosene, videwo, videwo, na terefone flip byose byatakaje ibimenyetso byabo muri ubu buryo.)

Ibirango bya Exurbia birimo uburenganzira ku magambo arenga 20 n'ibirango by'ubwicanyi bwabereye muri Texas Chainsaw n'umugome wabwo, Leatherface.Mu mpeshyi ishize, umurimo wo kurinda uburenganzira bwawo n’ibirango - gushakisha inshuro nyinshi, kugenzura, kwandika, kwandika, gukurikirana amasosiyete atazwi, kugisha inama abanyamategeko, no kugeza amatangazo ku bakora ku mbuga za interineti - byongereye umutungo w’ikigo kugeza aho Cassidy yazanye abakozi batatu basezeranye, bikiyongera byose hamwe abakozi kugeza ku munani.

Ariko barengeje urugero igihe Cassidy yavumburaga ko imbuga nyinshi zagurishijwe za knockoff zari zishingiye mumahanga kandi bidashoboka gukurikirana.Ihohoterwa ry'uburenganzira muri Aziya birumvikana ko nta gishya kirimo, ariko abashoramari bakorera mu mahanga na bo bashizeho iduka ku mbuga za Amerika zandika ku bicuruzwa.Amapaji menshi hamwe nitsinda Exurbia basanze basunika amatangazo yimbuga nkoranyambaga kugira ngo bashobore gukomanga ku mwaka ushize bakurikirana abakora muri Aziya.

Urupapuro rwa mbere rwa Facebook Cassidy rwakoze iperereza, Hocus na Pocus na Chill, rufite abantu 36.000 bakunda, kandi kurupapuro rwarwo rufite umucyo rufite abashoramari 30 bari muri Vietnam;itsinda ryahagaritse kwamamaza kugwa gushize.

Cassidy yaketse ko benshi muri abo bagurisha bakoreraga mu mahanga, kubera ko atashoboraga kubakurikirana ku kibanza cy’ababyeyi cyangwa mu kigo cyohereza.Amapaji yemewe namabanga yari afite inyandiko yumwanya.Amatangazo ya Takedown ntiyanyuze.Hamagara kuri terefone, imeri, hamwe na ISP ishakisha byose byapfuye.Impapuro zimwe zasabye aderesi z’Amerika, ariko inzandiko zo guhagarika no kureka zoherejwe binyuze mu iposita yemejwe zasubiye inyuma zigaruka ku wohereje, byerekana ko izo aderesi ari impimbano.

Cassidy rero yaguze amashati ya Chainsaw hamwe n'ikarita ye yo kubikuza, yibwira ko ashobora gukuramo aderesi muri banki ye.Ibintu byageze nyuma y'ibyumweru bibiri;banki ye yatangaje ko amasosiyete menshi yari muri Vietnam.Andi magambo yerekanaga iherezo.Amafaranga yishyuwe yashyizwe kumasosiyete adasanzwe afite aderesi za Amerika - urugero nko gutanga inzoga zo mu burengerazuba bwo hagati.Cassidy yahamagaye ibigo, ariko nta nyandiko bari bafite ku bicuruzwa kandi ntibari bazi icyo avuga.Kugeza ubu ntarabimenya.

Muri Kanama, Sahad ananiwe yageze kuri Redbubble abaza amakuru kumasezerano yubufatanye.Ku ya 4 Ugushyingo, abisabwe na Redbubble, Exurbia yohereje imeri ikirango, ikirango namakuru yerekeye uburenganzira, indangamuntu, ninzandiko zabiherewe uburenganzira.Exurbia yasabye kandi raporo yamenyeshejwe ko yarenze ku bintu bya Chainsaw Redbubble yakiriye mu myaka yashize.

Mu guhamagara no kuri imeri byakurikiyeho, abahagarariye Redbubble batanze amasezerano yo kugabana amafaranga.Igitekerezo cya mbere, mu nyandiko yasuzumwe na WIRED, harimo 6 ku ijana y’amafaranga yinjira muri Exurbia ku buhanzi bw’abafana na 10 ku ijana ku bicuruzwa byemewe.(Imhoff avuga ko inganda ziri hagati ya 12 na 15 ku ijana.) Exurbia ntiyashakaga.Cassidy agira ati: "Binjije amafaranga mu mutungo wacu w'ubwenge imyaka myinshi, kandi bakeneye kubikora."Ati: "Ariko ntibari baje imbere basakaye."

Ati: "Urashobora guha abantu bose ku isi gusuzuma ibishushanyo mbonera kandi ntibyaba bihagije."

Ku ya 19 Ukuboza, Exurbia yashyikirije Redbubble amatangazo mashya 277 nyuma y'iminsi ine itanga 132 mu ishami ryayo, TeePublic, kugira ngo T-shati, ibyapa, n'ibindi bicuruzwa.Ibintu byakuweho.Ku ya 8 Mutarama, Exurbia yohereje indi imeri, isuzumwa na WIRED, ihamagarira abantu ku bihe bishya by’ihohoterwa, Sahad yanditse akoresheje amashusho, urupapuro rwabigenewe, n’ibisubizo by’ishakisha kuva uwo munsi.Ishakisha rya Redbubble, nk'urugero, ryagaruye ibisubizo 252 kuri “Ubwicanyi bwa Texas Chainsaw” na 549 kuri “Uruhu”.Ishakisha rya TeePublic ryagaragaje ibindi bintu amagana.

Ku ya 18 Gashyantare, Redbubble yohereje Exurbia raporo y’ibimenyeshwa byose byafashwe na Chainsaw yakiriye, ndetse n’igiciro rusange cy’ibicuruzwa bya Chainsaw Sahad yari yaramenyekanye mu matangazo yafashwe kuva muri Werurwe 2019. Exurbia ntizatangaza umubare w’ibicuruzwa, ariko Cassidy yavuze ko ari bijyanye n'ikigereranyo cye.

Nyuma yuko WIRED ibajije Redbubble ibijyanye n'ibiganiro na Exurbia, umunyamategeko wa Redbubble mu rugo yabwiye Exurbia ko iyi sosiyete irimo gutekereza ku buryo bwo kugurisha ibicuruzwa bitemewe.Impande zombi zivuga ko imishyikirano ikomeje.Cassidy afite ibyiringiro.Agira ati: “Nibura basa nkaho ari bo bonyine bashyira ingufu.”“Ibyo turabishima.”

None, ni gute iyi moderi ishobora guhinduka hatabayeho guhindura ba nyiri IP cyangwa kuzamura inganda zifite byinshi byo gutanga?Dukeneye DMCA nshya-nimwe kubirango?Hari ikintu kizahinduka nta mategeko mashya?

Inganda zumuziki zirashobora gutanga igitekerezo.Kera cyane mbere ya Napster, inganda zahuye nikibazo nkiki hamwe nubukode: Hamwe numuziki mwinshi ucuranga ahantu henshi, abahanzi bakwiye kubona bate?Amatsinda yimpushya nka ASCAP yinjiye, ashyiraho amasezerano yagutse yo kugabana amafaranga yimisoro.Abahanzi bishyura ASCAP amafaranga yigihe kimwe kugirango binjire, kandi abanyamakuru, utubari, na clubs zijoro bishyura amafaranga yumwaka atuma batandika no gutanga raporo kuri buri ndirimbo.Ibigo bikurikirana umuyaga hamwe na clubs, gukora imibare, no kugabana amafaranga.Vuba aha, serivisi nka iTunes na Spotify zatanze isoko ryo kugabana amadosiye ya Wild West, kugabana amafaranga hamwe nabahanzi bemeye.

Ku nganda twavuga ko ari nini kandi zitandukanye kuruta ubucuruzi bwumuziki, ntabwo bizaba byoroshye.Goldman avuga ko abafite uburenganzira bamwe badashobora guhagarika amasezerano;mubashaka kwinjiramo, bamwe barashobora kugumana kugenzura ibishushanyo bimwe na bimwe, bihwanye na Eagles igenzura buri gipfukisho cyifuza gukina Hotel California.Goldman yagize ati: "Niba inganda zigenda zerekeza kuri icyo cyerekezo, ntabwo bizaba bike cyane kandi bihenze cyane kuruta uko biri ubu."

Redbubble's Davis avuga ko "ari ngombwa ku masoko n'abacuruzi, abafite uburenganzira, abahanzi, n'ibindi kugira ngo bose babe ku ruhande rumwe rw'ameza."David Imhoff yemera ko uburyo bwo gutanga uruhushya ari igitekerezo gishimishije, ariko ahangayikishijwe no kugenzura ubuziranenge.Ati: "Ibicuruzwa bigomba kurinda isura yabo, ubunyangamugayo bwabo".Ati: "Kuri ubu iyi feri y'ibirimo ije mu buryo bwose ntishobora gucungwa."

Kandi aho niho abahanzi, abanyamategeko, inkiko, ibigo, nabafite uburenganzira basa nkaho bahuza.Ko amaherezo, inshingano zisa nkizifitanye isano ninganda zizwi cyane zirwanya impinduka muri zose: guverinoma ihuriweho na leta.

Yavuguruwe, 3-24-20, 12pm ET: Iyi ngingo yaravuguruwe kugirango isobanure neza ko "gushyira mu bikorwa ibikorwa" bitari mu masezerano y’ubufatanye bwashyizweho hagati ya Exurbia na Redbubble.

WIRED niho ejo hazaza.Nisoko yingenzi yamakuru nibitekerezo byumvikana isi muguhinduka guhoraho.Ikiganiro WIRED kimurika uburyo ikoranabuhanga rihindura ibintu byose mubuzima bwacu - kuva mumuco ujya mubucuruzi, siyanse mubishushanyo.Iterambere nudushya tuvumbuye biganisha ku buryo bushya bwo gutekereza, amasano mashya, ninganda nshya.

© 2020 Condé Nast.Uburenganzira bwose burabitswe.Imikoreshereze yuru rubuga igizwe no kwemeranya n’amasezerano yacu y’abakoresha (ivugururwa 1/1/20) hamwe na Politiki y’ibanga hamwe n’itangazo rya kuki (ivugururwa 1/1/20) hamwe n’uburenganzira bwawe bwite bwa Californiya.Ntugurishe Amakuru Yanjye Yumuntu Wired arashobora kubona igice cyo kugurisha kubicuruzwa byaguzwe kurubuga rwacu mubice byubufatanye bwacu nabacuruzi.Ibikoresho kururu rubuga ntibishobora gusubirwamo, gukwirakwizwa, koherezwa, kubikwa cyangwa gukoreshwa ukundi, usibye uruhushya rwanditse rwa Condé Nast.Guhitamo Amatangazo